Whether you grew up with dubbing or with subtitles was mostly decided for you in the 1930s and 1940s, and for reasons that had little to do with taste. Dubbing was expensive but useful to governments: in Fascist Italy and Francoist Spain it let censors excise unflattering references to the nation and push a single standard language over regional dialects, and post-war German releases rewrote plot points to remove Nazi references. Portugal went the other way, banning dubbing by law in 1948 partly because much of the population could not read subtitles at speed, which effectively kept cinemas Portuguese-language-only. After the war, European producers found a second use for dubbing: it let multinational casts each perform in their own language and be reconciled afterwards, which made cross-border co-productions practical. Those decisions hardened into habit. France, Italy, Spain, Germany and much of Latin America still dub as standard; Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Portugal and the Balkans subtitle for adults and dub only children's programming. Neither side experiences its own convention as a convention.